Wireworm identification

Organic Control Profile

Wireworm

Elateridae (larvae; e.g., Agriotes spp.)

54
Plants Affected
3
Natural Enemies
5
Control Strategies

Click beetle larvae—shiny amber tubes that hollow out seeds, shred roots, and drill tubers like they paid rent. Damage shows as wilting transplants, missing stands, and potatoes that look shot.

Live many years in soil; prefer cool, moist, grassy fields recently flipped to vegetables. Bait potato slices disappear overnight when populations are real.

More identification photos — verified field observations

Organic Control Methods

Organic Sprays

Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae/carpocapsae) in moist warm soil; spinosad on bait stations or seed treatments where labeled for organic production.

Biological Controls

Ground beetles, spiders, and birds; fungal pathogens (Metarhizium, Beauveria) show variable field success—moisture is the gatekeeper.

Cultural Practices

Summer fallow + frequent shallow tillage to desiccate larvae; delay planting until soil warms; convert weedy sod slowly—sudden plow is a wireworm invitation.

Mechanical & Physical

Flame or solarize seed beds in high tunnels; hand-sort transplants if only a few beds are infested.

Prevention

Soil bioassay with wheat germination or potato baits before committing the heirloom tomatoes.

Natural Enemies

Plants Affected — 54 in Database