Buffalo Plum

Shrub

Buffalo Plum

Prunus besseyi

Also known as: Western Sand Cherry, Rocky Mountain Plum (regional usage)

Shrub Rosaceae EdibleWildlife AttractorBorder PlantErosion ControlOrnamental
Hardiness Zone
3-6
Ideal Temp
55–75°F
Survives Down To
-40°F
Life Cycle
Perennial

Buffalo plum commonly refers to western sand cherry (Prunus besseyi), a suckering shrub of Great Plains sandhills and rocky soils bearing fragrant white spring flowers and black edible cherries on a plant that often stays under 4–6 feet (1.2–1.8 m). It spreads by roots into thickets stabilizing blowing sand and feeding wildlife during harsh seasons. In cold, dry-temperate systems it is a pioneer fruiting shrub for hedgerows and windbreak understories where irrigation is scarce and honesty about flavor matters. ☀️💧 Sun and Water Requirements: Full sun for best flowering and fruit; tolerates wind exposure once established. Prefers sandy or gravelly well-drained soils; tolerates drought better than pampered orchard hybrids. Occasional deep watering during fruit swell improves size; mulch reduces moisture swing at the root collar. ✂️ Propagation: Dig rooted suckers in early spring; softwood cuttings in early summer root under humidity. Sow pits after stratification for breeding diversity. Prune old stems to renew fruiting wood inside thickets. 🌾 Harvest / Best Use Timing: Pick cherries when black, soft, and fully colored—flavor is tart and true. Use in jams, wines, or syrups; fresh eating is seed-forward. Net or accept bird share depending on your ethics and pantry goals.

Good Neighbors
  • American Plum — taller Prunus neighbor extends fruit succession without identical height competition
  • Yarrow — forb partner at thicket margins handles sun and lean soil beside suckering shrubs
  • Raspberry — bramble uses fence lines beside plum thickets with airflow between fruiting layers
Cautions
  • Suckering into paths — plan barriers or mowing strips before thicket annexes the driveway
Known Threats — Organic Solutions Only
Aphids
Aphidoidea
Apple Maggot
Rhagoletis pomonella
Apple Scab
Venturia inaequalis
Bagworm
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis
Blackberry Psyllid
Cacopsylla curvata
Borers
Various (e.g., Cerambycidae, Sesiidae)
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Halyomorpha halys
Brown Rot
Monilinia fructicola
Cherry Fruit Fly
Rhagoletis cingulata
Codling Moth
Cydia pomonella
Cyclamen Mite
Steneotarsonemus pallidus
Eastern Tent Caterpillar
Malacosoma americanum
Fall Webworm
Hyphantria cunea
Fire Blight
Erwinia amylovora
Gall Mite
Eriophyidae
Harlequin Ladybird
Harmonia axyridis
Japanese Beetles
Popillia japonica
Leaf Blight
Various Fungal Pathogens
Leaf Spot
Multiple species (e.g., Cercospora, Septoria, Alternaria)
Lesser Peachtree Borer
Synanthedon pictipes
Oriental Fruit Fly
Bactrocera dorsalis
Oriental Fruit Moth
Grapholita molesta
Peach Twig Borer
Anarsia lineatella
Peachtree Borer
Synanthedon exitiosa
Pear Psylla
Cacopsylla pyricola
Plum Curculio
Conotrachelus nenuphar
Raspberry Beetle
Glischrochilus sanguinolentus
Raspberry Cane Borer
Oberea perspicillata
Rose Slug
Endelomyia aethiops
Rust Mite
Eriophyidae
Sparganothis Fruitworm
Sparganothis sulfureana
Spittlebugs
Cercopidae
Spotted Lanternfly
Lycorma delicatula
Stink Bug
Pentatomidae
Strawberry Root Weevil
Otiorhynchus ovatus
Tent Caterpillar
Malacosoma spp.
Twig Girdlers
Oncideres spp.
Vine Weevil
Otiorhynchus sulcatus