Jatoba

Tree

Jatoba

Hymenaea courbaril

Also known as: Brazilian copal, West Indian locust, Stinking toe (fruit nickname—yes, really)

TreeCanopy Fabaceae EdibleTimberWildlife AttractorNitrogen Fixer
Hardiness Zone
10b-12
Ideal Temp
65–95°F
Survives Down To
30°F
Life Cycle
Perennial

Jatoba is a massive neotropical legume tree with resinous drama, hardwood timber dreams, and a podded fruit that tastes better than its playground nicknames suggest—when fully ripe and properly handled. Frost-free lowlands suit in-ground culture; outside the warmest coastal pockets treat it as marginal unless you accept occasional cold damage—collector or greenhouse logic applies in cooler subtropical zones. ☀️💧 Sun and Water Requirements: Full sun for strong architecture and reliable flowering. Deep, well-drained soil; established trees tolerate seasonal dry periods typical of savanna and forest-edge habitats. ✂️ Propagation: Fresh seeds after scarification; germination improves with warmth and moisture. Long taproot—transplant young or plan permanent placement; field-grown stock resents root disturbance. 🌾 Harvest / Best Use Timing: Fruit pulp when pods mature and aroma peaks—regional recipes use ripe pulp for drinks and sweets. Timber only where legal, sustainable, and sized for the site; this is a lifetime canopy commitment, not a patio impulse.

Good Neighbors
  • Cacao — shade-loving understory crop that appreciates dappled light and humidity under a tall legume canopy where management keeps air movement.
  • Papaya — fast soft-wood pioneer that uses light before jatoba closes the canopy; similar tropical soil and irrigation logic on well-drained sites.
  • Grumichama — smaller myrtle relative for the shrub layer; shares fruit-garden guild aesthetics without competing for the upper canopy.
Cautions
  • Heavy clay with poor drainage
  • Urban lots that cannot host a real canopy tree
Known Threats — Organic Solutions Only
Banded Cucumber Beetle
Diabrotica balteata
Bean Aphid
Aphis fabae
Bean Leaf Beetle
Cerotoma trifurcata
Bean Weevil
Acanthoscelides obtectus
Borers
Various (e.g., Cerambycidae, Sesiidae)
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Halyomorpha halys
Caterpillars
Lepidoptera Larvae
Corn Earworm
Helicoverpa zea
Cowpea Curculio
Chalcodermus aeneus
Fall Armyworm
Spodoptera frugiperda
Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium oxysporum
Ganoderma Butt Rot
Ganoderma spp.
Harlequin Ladybird
Harmonia axyridis
Kudzu Bug
Megacopta cribraria
Locust Borer
Megacyllene robiniae
Locust Leaf Miner
Odontota dorsalis
Lubber Grasshopper
Romalea microptera
Pea Moth
Cydia nigricana
Pea Weevil
Bruchus pisorum
Pythium Root Rot
Pythium spp.
Reniform Nematode
Rotylenchulus reniformis
Root Aphid
Pemphigus spp.
Scale Insects
Coccoidea
Soybean Looper
Chrysodeixis includens
Spittlebugs
Cercopidae
Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi
Stink Bug
Pentatomidae
Striped Cucumber Beetle
Acalymma vittatum
Velvetbean Caterpillar
Anticarsia gemmatalis
White Rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum